Odds and odds ratios are an important measure of the absolute/relative chance of an event of interest happening, but their interpretation is sometimes a little tricky to master. In this short post, I’ll describe these concepts in a (hopefully) clear way.
Missing covariates in structural equation models
This week I was talking to a friend about how covariates which have missing values are handled in structural equation modelling (SEM) software. I’ll preface this post by saying that I’m definitely not an expert (or anywhere close!) in structural equation models, so if anyone spots errors/problems please add a comment. My friend thought that certain implementations of SEMs in some packages have the ability to automatically accommodate missingness in covariates, using so called ‘full information maximum likelihood’. In the following I’ll describe my subsequent exploration of how Stata’s sem command handles missingness in covariates.
Comparing predictive ability of two nested logistic regression models
A very common situation in biostatistics, but also much more broadly of course, is that one wants to compare the predictive ability of two competing models. A key question of interest often is whether adding a new marker or variable Y to an existing set X improves prediction. The most obvious way of testing this hypothesis is to use a regression model, and then test whether adding the new variable Y improves fit, by testing the null hypothesis that the coefficient of Y in the expanded model differs from zero. An alternative approach is to test whether adding the new variable improves some measure of predictive ability, such as the area under the ROC curve.